Kasparov was born Garik Kimovich Weinstein (Russian: Гарик Ки́мович Вайнштейн, Garik Kimovich Vainshtein) in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR (now Azerbaijan), Soviet Union. Kasparov currently lives in New York City. In 2017, he founded the Renew Democracy Initiative (RDI), an American political organization promoting and defending liberal democracy in the U.S. Kasparov is currently chairman of the Human Rights Foundation and chairs its International Council. Since 2014, he holds Croatian citizenship and owns a house in Makarska. In the wake of the Russian mass protests that began in 2011, he announced in 2013 that he had left Russia for the immediate future out of fear of persecution. In 2008, he announced an intention to run as a candidate in that year's Russian presidential race, but after encountering logistical problems in his campaign for which he blamed "official obstruction", he withdrew. He formed the United Civil Front movement and joined as a member of The Other Russia, a coalition opposing the administration and policies of Vladimir Putin.
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Despite losing the title, he continued winning tournaments and was the world's highest-rated player when he retired from professional chess in 2005.Īfter retiring, he devoted his time to politics and writing. He continued to hold the "Classical" World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000. In 1997 he became the first world champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls when he lost to the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue in a highly publicized match. He held the official FIDE world title until 1993 when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association. Kasparov became the youngest ever undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at age 22 by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov. Kasparov also holds records for the most consecutive professional tournament victories (15) and Chess Oscars (11).
His peak rating of 2851, achieved in 1999, was the highest recorded until being surpassed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013.
1 for a record 255 months overall for his career. From 1984 until his retirement in 2005, Kasparov was ranked world No. Garry Kimovich Kasparov ( Russian: Гарри Кимович Каспаров, Russian pronunciation:, born Garik Kimovich Weinstein, Гарик Кимович Вайнштейн 13 April 1963) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer, political activist and commentator. From Kasparov's interview for Echo of Moscow, 13 September 2011
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